Research has shown that the ingredients in e-cigarettes vary widely between manufacturers and often contain chemicals that are associated with negative health effects, such as eye irritation, respiratory infections, and even irreversible lung damage
In the 1950s, less than 10% of Black people who smoked used menthol cigarettes, according to research commissioned by Philip Morris, but surveys at the time demonstrated that Black Americans had slightly higher preferences than white Americans for those products
To explore how these changes to DNA take root in the foetus, the international team of scientists conducted a meta-analysis of 13 prior, smaller studies, some of which had suggested links between smoking and chemical modifications to DNA, also known as methylation
While nicotine gum is intended as a tool to help people quit smoking, it is considered that long term use is better than switching back to smoking