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The BPRF analysis suggests that using chewing tobacco increases an individuals risk of stroke by a conservative minimum of 16% (BPRF = 1.16) as a two-star risk-outcome pair (Table 2)

Continuing smoke-free behavior through day seven significantly improves outcomes and reduces the dental reconstruction cost of treating complications

Lighting up more than 40 to 50 cigarettes a day, he frequently visited Medcare Royal Speciality Hospital, Al Qusais, for chronic lung issues, but never took the advice to quit seriously

These findings align with broader evidence on , where nicotine exposure is treated as a modifiable risk factor rather than a primary cause