For descriptive statistics of participant characteristics, chi-squared tests for associations were used to provide the distribution of each participant measure and demographic by scenario
Certainty assessment Grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluations (GRADE) methodology was employed to evaluate the certainty of evidence for the primary outcome, which categorizes the quality of evidence as high, moderate, low, or very low, based on five essential domains (study limitations, directness, consistency, precision, and reporting bias) as well as three supplementary domains (dose-response relationship, plausible confounding factors that could decrease the observed effect, and strength of association) 17,18
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Adjusting for the appropriate covariates, the amount of time someone spends concerned about lung cancer was associated with blaming the victim (Aim 3), with the highest stigma mean scores among participants who worry all of the time
