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As well, the harmful chemicals present inside one cigarette stick profoundly affect the oral microflora, encouraging the presence of bacteria putting your gum and dental health in jeopardy

When these items are in a child's mouth or when they are heated (such as in a microwave), children can be exposed to harmful chemicals that have the potential to mimic or suppress hormones and disrupt normal growth and development

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Importantly, EC-induced oral dysbiosis disrupts microbial homeostasis, fostering pathogenic proliferation and metabolic alterations that contribute to a spectrum of oral pathologies, including periodontitis and oral carcinogenesis